Hi Linda,the information is all here.Should take you all day to read it
though.It explained a lot to me and only after getting my D levels down
did AP work properly.I wish I knew how to edit this article down a bit
but you are looking at the worst computer dummy going.Iknow how to "cut
and paste" and "reply" and that is about it. Lynne
Autoimmunity Research Foundation
<http://autoimmunityresearch.org/chicago2005.htm
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ESSENTIAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE MP (Required Reading)
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VITAMIN D TUTORIAL
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Meg Mangin R.N. <http://www.marshallprotocol.com/users/5.html
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Posted: Mon Mar 28th, 2005 23:48
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Vitamin D--also known as calciferol--has several forms or metabolites.
Vitamin D was misnamed when it was discovered in 1922. It is not a true
vitamin because an ongoing nutrient source is not required to sustain
normal levels in the body. Rather, it is autonomously synthesized in the
cells of the skin into the biologocally active form in reaction to
sunlight or bright lights.
History of Vitamin D
In 1925, Adoph Windaus isolated three forms of the vitamin: two derived
from irradiated plant sterols, which he called D1 and D2, and one
derived from irradiated skin, which he called D3.
In 1931, the chemical makeup of D2 (ergocalciferol) which is derived
from the precursor molecule ergosterol, was defined.
In 1936, Windaus synthesized the molecule 7-dehydrocholesterol and, then
converted it by irradiation to vitamin D3, now known as cholecalciferol.
Although it was assumed that vitamin D was photosynthesized in the skin
from 7-dehydrocholesterol, the final proof did not emerge until more
than three decades later.
In 1968 an active substance identified as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, was
isolated and later proved to be produced in the liver. During the next
two years, the existence of a second active metabolite was discovered
and found to be produced in the kidney.
In 1971, the chemical/molecular structure of this metabolite, was
identified as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. It was now clear that the liver
changes vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, the major circulating form
of the vitamin. The kidneys then convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of the vitamin.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, was reclassified
as a hormone that controlled calcium metabolism. A hormone is a chemical
substance produced by one organ and then transported in the bloodstream
to a target organ, where it causes a specific biological action.
Dr Tony Norman, at UCR, discovered 1,25-D and has spent his life
studying it, and other related compounds like 24,25-D. Here is his bio:
http://biochemistry.ucr.edu/faculty/norman.html
==============================================
Calciferol--also known as calcidiol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or
25-hydroxyvitamin-D or simply 25-D--is an inert, biologically inactive
precursor of hormone D. It is produced in the liver from Vit D2 and Vit
D3 and is the major circulating form of Vitamin D. It is the substance
that is used to produce the hormone (in the kidneys) which is the
biologically active form.
Naturally occurring dietary sources of Vitamin D2 and D3 (especially
fish, fish oils, liver, eggs), foods supplemented with Vitamin D (dairy
products, cereals, processed foods) and vitamin supplements are the
body's main source of calciferol (25-D). A small amount may be generated
by exposure to sunlight.
Some plants and fungi convert ergosterol (a plant sterol) into Vitamin
D2 (ergocalciferol) in response to light and these plants can then be a
minor nutritional source of calciferol for humans.
Taking Vitamin D supplements/fish oils or eating foods high in Vitamin D
will increase the level of 25-D.
Calciferol (25-D) is measured in nanograms/milliliter. The metric
measurement is nmol/L. Some labs measure both Vitamin D2 and D3 and then
provide a total 25-D level.
...............
"Unfortunately, one cannot rely on nutritionists to understand the
actions of Cholecalciferol. They still call it a Vitamin. It is not, it
is a steroid hormone precursor. All the evidence I am seeing indicates
our body doesn't need it at all. All in all, the misclassification of
Cholecalciferol (as a Vitamin) is likely to become one of the biggest
debacles clinical science has ever made."
Dr. Trevor Marshall, PhD
==========================================================
==========================================================
Calcitriol--the active metabolite--is also known as
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 or simply
1,25-D. It is the most potent secosteroid hormone in the human body and
affects almost every cellular activity.
http://tinyurl.com/7hbz5
1,25-D is formed in the kidneys, the kerotinocytes of the skin and many
other tissues of the body. The level of production is normally tightly
controlled in healthy people. It is measured in picograms (which is
1/1,000,000,000,000 of a gram) per milliliter. The metric measurement is
pmol/L.
1,25-D is directly synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol when sunlight
falls on the keratinocytes of the skin. Because the keratinocytes of Th1
patients are parasitized by CWD bacteria, they produce interferon-gamma
(which is part of the bacterial defense mechanism) and TNF-alpha. These
cytokines cause the cells of Th1 patients to produce much more 1,25-D in
their skin than healthy folks. In patients with Th1 inflammation, the
production, by sunlight, of 1,25-D in the skin predominates the
production of 25-D. Studies show that all 25-D produced in the skin from
sunlight is hydroxylated directly into 1,25-D, leaving no 25-D to be
stored in fatty tissues.
Since biochemists have been doing their homework, it makes clinical
science look all the more clumsy:
http://biochemistry.ucr.edu/faculty/norman.html
There is no dietary requirement for calciferol(25-D) to produce 1,25-D.
As long as humans have access to minimal sunlight several months of the
year,they will not become deficient in this active metabolite (1,25-D).
Ten to 15 minutes of natural sunlight or daylight exposure to only the
forearm or face twice a week (for example, while driving) supplies all
the active metabolite of Vitamin D (1,25-D) necessary for health.
Nutritional sources (natural and supplemented) provide the precursor,
25-D, which is stored in fat cells and has a half life of 2-6 months, as
a safeguard for later use. When sunlight exposure is not available the
body uses its stored calciferol to produce the biologically active form
of Vitamin D in other tissues of the body. Patients with Th1 disease
generate their 1,25-D requirements from much lower levels of light than
healthy people, and rarely need any nutritional 25-D.
1,25-D is generated in the macrophages when Th1 cytokines mRNA is
released by phisphorylation of the protein dimer Nuclear Factor Kappa B
by the I-kappaB kinase polymorphs.
The mitochondria of the activated macrophages are responsible for
producing 1,25-D in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. There is only
one of the D-metabolite-converting-enzymes present in the mitochondria,
the enzyme which converts 25-D into 1,25-D. Interferon-gamma (released
by the Th1 bacteria) energetically catalyses this conversion by as much
as 30-fold. So the more 25-D that is available to the inflammed tissue,
the more 1,25-D will be generated. Ingestion of Vitamin D, from food an
supplements, causes 25-D to be available to fuel the conversion to
1,25-D in the mitochondria of the cytoplasm of activated (infected)
macrophages under the influence of Interferon-gamma.
Light falling in the eyes causes generation of 1,25-D and fuels
inflammation in the eye. It is not known how this affects the systemic
infected cells but it often causes severe malaise.
When cell wall deficient bacteria invade the macrophages of the immune
system, calcitriol is produced (due to the Th1 immune system response)
causing the level of calcitriol to exceed the upper limit normally
controlled by the kidneys. As a result, the level of calciferol (25-D)
may be reduced because it is being rapidly converted into calcitriol
(1,25-D).
It is essential to measure both calciferol (25-D) and calcitriol
(1,25-D) to determine if there is a Vitamin D deficiency. The level of
the inert precursor (25-D) does not always directly reflect the level of
the active metabolite (1,25-D). In persons with Th1 inflammation (often
undiagnosed) the level of measured calciferol (25-D) may be low (due to
rapid use of this precursor) while the level of the active metabolite,
calcitriol (1,25-D), is dangerously high due to the immune system
response to intracellular bacteria. Testing only the precursor and
assuming that a low level indicates a Vitamin D deficiency may result in
a misdiagnosis. In this case, supplementing with Vitamin D will provide
more 'fuel' for the production of excess 1,25-D by the inflamed tissues.
This will allow the bacteria to freely multiply with a resulting
worsening of Th1 inflammation.
For information on the effects of elevated 1,25-D, see:
A Review - Vitamin D and Calcium in Sarcoidosis <http://tinyurl.com/3v5ml
Hormonal Diagram <http://tinyurl.com/4hdmv
Hypervitaminosis-D Symptoms <http://tinyurl.com/5y5jp
============================================
For those who are interested in the intricacies of Vitamin D metabolism,
below is a link to a paper which is an excellent in-depth overview of
how the hydroxylase enzymes of the Vitamin D pathway function in both
illness and health.
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/21/20604
Also:
VITAMIN D: PRODUCTION, METABOLISM, AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION
<http://tinyurl.com/7hbpn